DAR ES SALAAM โ€” [Independent (Kampala)] Kampala -- Uganda's oil journey has been defined less by extraction than by expectation -- a revolving door of ministers, shifting deadlines, and a promise of "first oil" that has survived nearly two decades of political optimism and policy delays. In 2013, Irene Muloni, then Minister for Energy and Mineral Development, was upbeat at a high-level dialogue, confidently assuring the country that oil would soon be extracted from the ground to power Uganda's growth and development.

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